with titles, and with people's names when they are accompanied by an adjective:
Avez-vous vu l'interview du président Clinton? (Did you see the interview with President Clinton?)
Le pauvre Henri est très malade (Poor Henri's really ill)
with parts of the body when these "receive" the action of the verb (i.e. as objects), where English would use a possessive adjective like my or your; this is always the case with reflexive constructions:
Tu t'es lavé les mains? (Did you wash your hands?)
Levez le bras (Raise your arm)
Dégagez-lui le bras (Try and free his arm)
with country names, but not after en (in, to - used with countries which are feminine and in the singular):
Je connais très bien la France (I know France very well)
Etes-vous déjà allés au Japon? (Have you ever been to Japan?)
BUT: C'est la première fois que vous venez en Italie? (Is this the first time you've been to Italy?)
with languages, names of academic subjects and sports, except with en and in the set phrase parler français etc.:
Ça fait trois ans qu'elle apprend le français (She's been learning French for three years)
Il adore le tennis (He loves tennis)
BUT: Je ne suis pas très fort en maths (I'm not very good at maths)
in dates, except with en, and with the days of the week and the seasons to indicate a habit:
Nous sommes partis le treize septembre (We left on the thirteenth of September)
Ils vont au cinéma le samedi (They go to the cinema on Saturdays)
L'hiver, je me lève assez tard (I get up quite late in winter)
BUT: Je suis née en janvier 1973 (I was born in January 1973)
to show price and rate, where English would use a/an:
Les pêches sont à vingt francs le kilo (Peaches are twenty francs a kilo)
Nous roulions à quatre-vingt kilomètres à l'heure (We were doing eighty kilometres an hour)